Transforming India’s Transport Infrastructure: The Need for Digital Integration and Sustainable Solutions
By Dr. Aatish Parashar, Dean & Head, Central University of South Bihar
India’s infrastructure transformation is at the heart of its ambition to become a $7 trillion economy by 2030. With a GDP growth rate of 7.0% in 2024 and a nominal GDP of $4.27 trillion, the country is leveraging technology and sustainability to build a future-ready transport ecosystem. This transformation is not just about economic growth but also about improving the quality of life for its 1.4 billion citizens while addressing pressing environmental challenges.
The Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015, has been a cornerstone of this vision. Cities like Chennai, Pune, and Surat are leading the way with projects focused on smart energy, water management, and mobility solutions. For instance, Chennai’s Smart City initiative has invested heavily in intelligent traffic management systems and renewable energy integration, setting a benchmark for urban development. However, as India’s urban population is expected to reach 600 million by 2030, the need for scalable, efficient, and sustainable transport solutions has never been more urgent.
The Urgency for a Modern Transport Ecosystem
India’s rapid urbanization and economic growth have exposed the limitations of its existing transport infrastructure. Traffic congestion, air pollution, and inefficiencies in India’s largest cities in logistics are costing the economy an estimated $22 billion annually. Cities like Delhi and Mumbai are among the most congested globally, with commuters spending an average of 1.5 hours daily in traffic. This not only impacts productivity but also exacerbates air pollution, which is responsible for over 1.5 million deaths annually in India.
To address these challenges, cities are adopting innovative measures. Delhi’s odd-even vehicle scheme and Mumbai’s proposed ban on petrol and diesel vehicles are steps toward reducing emissions. However, these measures alone are insufficient. A holistic approach that integrates digital technologies and sustainable practices is essential to create a resilient transport ecosystem.
Digital Integration: A Game-Changer for India’s Transport Infrastructure
The adoption of advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and Big Data analytics is revolutionizing India’s transport sector. These technologies are enabling real-time data collection, predictive analytics, and intelligent decision-making, paving the way for smarter and more efficient systems. In the railway sector, the indigenous Kavach system is a prime example of digital innovation. This AI-driven anti-collision system has enhanced safety across 1,455 km of railway tracks, with plans for nationwide implementation by 2025. Similarly, IoT-enabled predictive maintenance reduces downtime and
operational costs for both railways and road transport. For instance, Indian Railways has deployed IoT sensors to monitor the health of rolling stock, ensuring timely maintenance and minimizing disruptions.
Urban transport is also witnessing a digital overhaul. Cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad are using AI-powered traffic management systems to optimize signal timings and reduce congestion. Smart highway projects, such as the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, are integrating AI-based surveillance and real-time monitoring to enhance safety and efficiency. Additionally, AI-driven route optimization in public transport is improving accessibility and reducing fuel consumption, contributing to lower emissions.
Sustainable Infrastructure and Net-Zero Commitments
India’s commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 has placed sustainability at the core of its transport strategy. The transportation sector, which accounts for 14% of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions, is undergoing a significant transformation to align with this goal.
Indian Railways, the backbone of India’s transport network, is leading the charge. With 97.05% of its broad-gauge network electrified as of February 2025, it is one of the largest green rail networks in the world. The railways have also allocated over $22 billion in the current fiscal year for modernization, focusing on safety enhancements, rolling stock upgrades, and renewable energy integration. The development of dedicated freight corridors (DFCs), such as the Western DFC, is further reducing the carbon footprint by shifting freight transport from road to rail. These corridors are designed to support double-stacked container trains, optimizing cargo movement and energy efficiency.
Organizations like RITES Limited are playing a pivotal role in driving these sustainable initiatives. RITES has been instrumental in railway electrification projects, including the Lumding–Badarpur section upgrade, and has developed Comprehensive Mobility Plans (CMPs) for 20 cities to promote eco-friendly urban transport. Internationally, RITES has partnered with Etihad Rail to deliver sustainable railway projects, showcasing India’s expertise in green infrastructure. The company’s involvement in initiatives like MAITRI, which focuses on green logistics and multimodal transport solutions, underscores its commitment to India’s net-zero goals.
The Road Ahead: A Greener, Smarter Future
India’s transport infrastructure is at a critical juncture. The integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices is not just a necessity but an opportunity to redefine mobility. By leveraging AI, IoT, and renewable energy, India can create a transport ecosystem that is efficient, resilient, and environmentally friendly.
The success of initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission, railway electrification, and dedicated freight corridors demonstrates the potential of collaborative efforts between the government, private sector, and organizations like RITES. As India continues to urbanize and grow, the focus must remain on innovation, sustainability, and inclusivity to ensure that the benefits of this transformation reach every citizen.
In conclusion, the journey toward a modern and sustainable transport ecosystem is challenging but achievable. With a clear vision, robust policies, and the right partnerships, India is well on its way to becoming a global leader in green and smart mobility.
Author :
Dr. Aatish Parashar, Dean & Head, Central University of South Bihar